HISTORY TODAY: August 28

1963  One of the largest demonstrations in the history of the United States, the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, takes place and reaches its climax at the base of the Lincoln Memorial when Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his "I have a dream" speech.

''Knowing the past, we can make wise 

choices for a brighter, and more positive future.''

1676		Indian chief King Philip, also known as Metacom, is killed by English soldiers, ending the war between Indians and colonists.
1862		Mistakenly believing the Confederate Army to be in retreat, Union General John Pope attacks, beginning the Battle of Groveton. Both sides sustain heavy casualties.
1914		Three German cruisers are sunk by ships of the Royal Navy in the Battle of Heligoland Bight, the first major naval battle of World War I.
1938		The first degree given to a ventriloquist's dummy is awarded to Charlie McCarthy--Edgar Bergen's wooden partner. The honorary degree, "Master of Innuendo and Snappy Comeback," is presented on radio by Ralph Dennis, the dean of the School of Speech at Northwestern University.
1941		The German U-boat U-570 is captured by the British and renamed Graph
1944		German forces in Toulon and Marseilles, France, surrender to the Allies.
1945		Chinese communist leader Mao Tse-Tung arrives in Chunking to confer with Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-Shek in a futile effort to avert civil war.
1963		One of the largest demonstrations in the history of the United States, the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, takes place and reaches its climax at the base of the Lincoln Memorial when Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his "I have a dream" speech.
1965		The Viet Cong are routed in the Mekong Delta by U.S. forces, with more than 50 killed.
1968		Clash between police and anti-war demonstrators during Democratic Party's National Convention in Chicago.
1979		Irish Republican Army (IRA) bomb explodes under bandstand in Brussels' Great Market as British Army musicians prepare for a performance; four British soldiers wounded.
1981		John Hinckley Jr. pleads innocent to attempting to assassinate Pres. Ronald Reagan.
1982		First Gay Games held, in San Francisco.
1983		Israeli's prime minister Menachem Begin announces his resignation.
1986		Bolivian president Victor Paz Estenssoro declares a state of siege and uses troops and tanks to halt a march by 10,000 striking tin miners.
1986		US Navy officer Jerry A. Whitworth given 365-year prison term for spying for USSR.
1993		Two hundred twenty-three die when a dam breaks at Qinghai (Kokonor), in northwest China.
2003		Power blackout affects half-million people in southeast England and halts 60% of London's underground trains.
2005		Hurricane Katrina reaches Category 5 strength; Louisiana Superdome opened as a "refuge of last resort" in New Orleans.
2012		US Republican convention nominates Mitt Romney as the party's presidential candidate.
Born on August 28
1749		Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, German poet, playwright and novelist, best known for Faust.
1774		Elizabeth Ann Seton, founder of the Sisters of St. Joseph and the first U.S.-born saint.
1828		Leo Tolstoy, Russian novelist (War and Peace, Anna Karenina).
1882		Belle Benchley, the first female zoo director in the world, who directed the Zoological Gardens of San Diego.
1896		Liam O'Flaherty, Irish novelist and short-story writer.
1903		Bruno Bettelheim, Austrian psychologist, educator of autistic and emotionally disturbed children.
1908		Roger Tory Peterson, author of the innovative bird book A Field Guide to Birds.
1925		Donald O'Connor, entertainer (Singin' in the Rain, Anything Goes).
1939		Catherine "Cassie" Mackin, journalist; first woman to anchor an evening newscast alone on a regular basis (NBC's Sunday Night News); NBC's first woman floor reporter at a national political convention.
1943		Lou Pinelia, American League Rookie of the Year (1969); 14th-winningest manager of all time.
1948		Daniel Seraphine, drummer with the band Chicago.
1951		Wayne Osmond, singer, songwriter, TV actor (The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters).
1952		Rita Dove, poet; second African-American poet to receive the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry (1987); first African-American Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress (1993-95); Poet Laureate of Virginia (2004-06).
1965		Shania Twain (Eilleen Regina Edwards), five-time Grammy-winning singer ("You're Still the One"); only female artist to have three consecutive Diamond albums (10 million units sold).
1971		Todd Eldredge, figure skater; Men's World Champion (1996).
1982		Leann Rimes, Grammy-winning singer ("Blue"), actress, (Northern Lights).
1986		Gilad Shalit, Israeli Defense Forces corporal kidnapped by Hamas and held for five years before being exchanged for 1,027 Palestinian prisoners.
1999		Prince Nikolai of Denmark.

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