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| 1350 | John II, also known as John the Good, succeeds Philip VI as king of France. | |
| 1485 | Henry Tudor defeats Richard III at Bosworth. This victory establishes the Tudor dynasty in England and ends the Wars of the Roses. | |
| 1642 | Civil war in England begins as Charles I declares war on Parliament at Nottingham. | |
| 1717 | The Austrian army forces the Turkish army out of Belgrade, ending the Turkish revival in the Balkans. | |
| 1777 | With the approach of General Benedict Arnold‘s army, British Colonel Barry St. Ledger abandons Fort Stanwix and returns to Canada. | |
| 1849 | The Portuguese governor of Macao, China, is assassinated because of his anti-Chinese policies. | |
| 1922 | Michael Collins, Irish politician, is killed in an ambush. | |
| 1942 | Brazil declares war on the Axis powers. She is the only South American country to send combat troops into Europe. | |
| 1945 | Soviet troops land at Port Arthur and Dairen on the Kwantung Peninsula in China. | |
| 1945 | Conflict in Vietnam begins when a group of Free French parachute into southern Indochina, in response to a successful coup by communist guerilla Ho Chi Minh. | |
| 1952 | Devil’s Island‘s penal colony is permanently closed. | |
| 1956 | Incumbent US President Dwight D. Eisenhower & Vice President Richard Nixon are renominated by Republican convention in San Francisco. | |
| 1962 | OAS (Secret Army Organization) gunmen unsuccessfully attempt to assassinate French president Charles de Gaulle; the incident inspires Frederick Forsyth’s novel, The Day of the Jackal. | |
| 1962 | The world’s first nuclear-powered passenger-cargo ship, NS Savannah, completes its maiden voyage from Yorktown, Va., to Savannah, Ga. | |
| 1968 | The first papal visit to Latin America takes place; Pope Paul VI arrives in Bogota. | |
| 1969 | Hurricane Camille hits the US Gulf Coast, killing 256 and causing $1.421 billion in damages. | |
| 1971 | A Bolivian military coup is carried out: Col. Hugo Banzer Suarez ousts leftist president, Gen. Juan Jose Torres and assumes power. | |
| 1971 | The FBI arrests members of The Camden 28, an anti-war group, as the group is raiding a draft office in Camden, NJ. | |
| 1972 | The International Olympic Committee votes 36–31 with 3 abstentions to ban Rhodesia from the games because of the country’s racist policies. | |
| 1983 | Benigno Aquino, the only real opposition to Ferdinand Marcos’ reign as president of the Philippines, is gunned down at Manila Airport. | |
| 1989 | The first complete ring around Neptune is discovered. | |
| 1995 | During an 11-day siege at at Ruby Ridge, Id., FBI HRT sniper Lon Horiuchi kills Vicki Weaver while shooting at another target. | |
| 2003 | Alabama Chief Justice Roy Moore is suspended for refusing to comply with a federal court order to remove the Ten Commandments from the Alabama Supreme Court building’s lobby. | |
| 2005 | In an art heist, a version of The Scream and Madonna, two paintings by Edvard Munch, are stolen at gunpoint from a museum in Oslo, Norway. | |
| 2007 |
The most runs scored by any team in modern MLB history is recorded as the Texas Rangers thump the Baltimore Orioles 30-3.
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Born on August 22
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| 1647 | Denis Papin, inventor of the pressure cooker. | |
| 1880 | George Herriman, cartoonist, creator of Krazy Kat. | |
| 1891 | Jacque Lipchitz, sculptor. | |
| 1893 | Dorothy Parker, poet, satirist and founding member of the Algonquin Round Table. | |
| 1904 | Deng Xiaoping, Chinese leader from 1977 to 1987, held nominal leadership position until his death in 1997. | |
| 1908 | Henri Cartier-Bresson, photographer. | |
| 1917 | John Lee Hooker, blues singer and guitarist. | |
| 1920 | Ray Bradbury, science fiction writer whose works include Fahrenheit 451 and The Martian Chronicles. | |
| 1934 | H. Norman Schwarzkopf, American general and commander of the coalition forces during the Persian Gulf War. | |
| 1935 | Annie Proulx, Pulitzer Prize–winning author (The Shipping News). | |
| 1938 | Delmar Allen “Dale” Hawkins, pioneer rockabilly singer/songwriter (“Suzy Q”). | |
| 1939 | Valerie Harper, actress (Mary Tyler Moore Show, Rhoda). | |
| 1940 | Anthony Crosthwaite-Eyre, English publisher. | |
| 1942 | Kathy Lennon, singer, member of the Lennon Sisters. | |
| 1943 | Masatoshi Shima, Japanese computer scientist who helped develop the Intel 4004, the world’s first commercial microprocessor. | |
| 1947 | Donna Godchaux, singer with The Grateful Dead and Heart of Gold Band. | |
| 1950 | I. Lewis “Scooter” Libby, chief of staff to Vice President Dick Cheney during the administration of Pres. George W. Bush; sentenced to 30 months for felony convictions, his sentence was commuted by Pres. Bush. | |
| 1968 | Rich Lowry, editor of National Review. | |
| 1970 | Giada De Laurentiis, chef and television host. | |
| 1986 | Keiko Kitagawa, Japanese model and actress (Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon, The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift). | |
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